Kamenovanje u židovskom pravu (סקילה) i dilema svetog Josipa

Vanja-Ivan Savić - Pregledni rad

Stoning in Jewish Law (סקילה) and St. Joseph's Dilemma

Sažetak
U radu se obrađuje pitanje smrtne kazne u drevnom i suvremenom židovskom pravu, te napose kamenovanje u židovskom pravu u perspektivi Isusova vremena. Biblijski tekstovi (Tora), a time i biblijsko pravo, traže smrtnu kaznu kamenovanja za preljub i nepostojanje djevičanstva kod sklapanja braka. Iako postojeće, takve kazne su tražile složene procesne radnje za njihovo provođenje, da bi danas, u modernom vremenu, takvo provođenje bilo neizvedivo zbog nemogućnosti suđenja u porušenom hramu, gdje bi rabinski vrhovni sud Sanhedrin trebao zasjedati. Članak obrađuje konkretnu dilemu svetoga Josipa nakon što je saznao da je njegova zaručnica Marija trudna, a nisu imali odnose. Josip se nalazi pred dilemom da kao pravedan, zakonu odan Židov, prokaže Mariju ili da je napusti i ne izvrgne ruglu i kamenovanju. Odlučivši se za odlazak, u središte svojih postupaka stavlja zapovijed ljubavi i tako provodi milosrđe koje je hijerarhijski najviša norma koju je židovsko pravo poznavalo, a koju je Isus podvukao i usavršio, normu o kojoj vise sav Zakon i Proroci.

Abstract
The author deals with the issue of the death penalty in ancient and modern Jewish Law, and in particular deals with stoning in Jewish Law from the perspective of Jesus' time. Biblical texts (Torah) and thus Biblical Law demanded the death penalty of stoning for adultery and lack of virginity at the time of marriage. Although existing, such punishments required complex procedural actions for their implementation, so that today, in modern times, such implementation would be impossible because it is not possible to judge in the ruined temple where the rabbinical supreme court Sanhedrin should sit. The article deals with the specific dilemma of St. Joseph, which appeared before him after he found out that his fiancée Mary was pregnant, and they had not had relations. Joseph is faced with the dilemma of whether, as a righteous, law-abiding Jew, he should denounce Mary or leave her and not expose her to ridicule and stoning. Deciding to leave, he puts the commandment of Love at the center of his actions and thus performs mercy, which is the highest hierarchical norm that Jewish Law knew, and which Jesus underlined and perfected, the norm on which all the Law and the Prophets hang.