Školski uspjeh djece i mladih koji odrastaju u siromaštvu i materijalno nepovoljnim uvjetima

Vesna Bilić - Pregledni rad

School achievement of children and young people who grow up in poverty and materially unfavourable conditions

Sažetak
Budući da je siromaštvom pogođen sve veći broj djece i mladih nužno je ukazivati i na njegove moguće doprinose njihovim školskim i životnim ishodima. Stoga se u ovom radu, na temelju literature, analiziraju čimbenici rizika i procesi koji objašnjavaju kako odrastanje u siromaštvu i materijalnoj oskudici izravno i neizravno utječe na školski uspjeh i obrazovne ishode djece. Ukazuje se na štetne učinke u ranom razdoblju života djece, a koje je presudno za formiranje vještina i sposobnosti važnih za školsko postignuće. Višestruki nedostaci s kojim započinju školovanje ugrožavaju njihovo napredovanje i postizanje uspjeha na svim razinama obrazovanja (ranom, školskom i visokoškolskom). A kombinacija siromaštva i slabijeg školskog uspjeha, često je razlog za napuštanje škole ili završavanje nižeg stupanja obrazovanja, a povezuju se i sa slabijim šansama za zaposlenje i s težim izlaskom iz kruga siromaštva. Zaključno se iznose prijedlozi za razvoj strategija, ranih i kasnih intervencija te osiguravanje višestruke podrške obitelji i pomoći djeci u realizaciji njihovih potencijala, te postizanju školskih i životnih uspjeha.

Abstract
Since poverty has been striking an increasing number of children and young people, it is necessary to indicate its possible effects on their school and life outcomes. Therefore, based on literature, this paper focuses on analysing factors of risk and processes which explain how growing up in poverty and material deprivation directly and indirectly affects school performance and educational outcomes of children. The paper points to negative effects in the early period of children’s lives which is crucial in forming skills and abilities that are important for further academic achievement. Multiple defects they start their education with endanger their progress and success at all levels of education (early, school and graduate). A combination of poverty and low school achievement is often the reason for leaving school or completing a lower level of education and is also associated with lower chances for employment and opportunities for leaving the cycle of poverty. Finally, the paper presents suggestions for developing strategies, early and later interventions and providing multiple supports to families and children in realizing their potential, and achieving success, in both school and life.