Sveti Marko Evanđelist u kršćanskoj kulturnoj baštini Hrvata

Marko Dragić - Pregledni rad

Saint Mark the Evangelist in Croats’ Christian traditional cultural heritage

Sažetak
Sveti Marko Evanđelist (Cirena, oko 10. – Aleksandrija, 25. travnja 68.) bio je od židovskoga roda levita. Štuju ga: Rimokatolička crkva, Pravoslavna crkva, Koptska crkva, istočne katoličke crkve, Luteranska crkva. Višestruki je zaštitnik. Štovanje sv. Marka Evanđelista u kršćanskoj tradicijskoj kulturi Hrvata ogleda se u: legendama; katedralama i crkvama posvećenim tomu evanđelistu; toponimima; krematonimima; procesijama i blagoslovima polja, usjeva, vinograda; pučkim veseljima (kirbajima, dernecima); pomaganju sirotinji; kultnim svetištima; pučkim divinacijama i izrekama; krjesovima; usmenim lirskim pjesmama; molitvama. U radu se navode rezultati terenskoga istraživačkog rada koji se odvijao od 1997. do 2016. godine. Na terenu u Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori i Srbiji u Hrvata katolika izvorno je zapisano pedesetak legendi, molitvi, običaja, obreda, ophoda, divinacija. Na temelju Novoga zavjeta te predaja i legendi (re)konstruira se život sv. Marka Evanđelista. Pored toga, cilj rada je i od zaborava sačuvati starinske legende, običaje, obrede, ophode, usmene lirske pjesme, molitve, divinacije, te multidisciplinarnom interpretacijom ukazati na njihovu socijalnu i estetsku funkciju. Pored terensko-istraživačkoga rada primjenjuje se induktivno-deduktivna metoda, te metode: deskripcije, komparacije, analize i sinteze.

Abstract
Saint Mark the Evangelist (Cyrene around 10 AD – Alexandria April 25th 68 AD) was a member of the Jewish tribe o Levi. He is nephew of Saint Barnabas, close associate of Saint Paul and Peter to whom he was secretary. In the New Testament he is mentioned eight times and Mary mother of John called Mark is mentioned for the ninth time. The first Christian community in Jerusalem gathered in his mother Mary’s home. According to some sources Jesus ate his last supper in Mark’s mother Mary’s house.
He is worshipped by: The Roman Catholic Church, The Orthodox Church, The Coptic Church, the eastern Catholic churches, the Lutheran Church. He is multiple patron. Worship of Saint Mark the evangelist in Croats’ Christian traditional culture is reflected in legends; cathedrals and churches consecrated to that evangelist; toponyms; chrematonyms; processions and blessings of fields, crops, vineyards; folk celebrations (fairs); helping the poor; cult shrines; folk divinations and sayings; bonfires; oral lyrical poems; prayers. The paper cites the results of field research conducted from the year 1997 until the year 2016. About fifty legends, prayers, customs, rituals, processions, divinations have been originally recorded among Croatian Catholics in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.
The paper (re)constructs the life of Saint Mark the Evangelist on the basis of the New Testament, tales and legends. Further, the aim of the paper is to save from the oblivion the old legends, customs, rituals, processions, oral lyrical poems, prayers, divinations and to point out their social and aesthetic function using the multidisciplinary interpretation. Inductive-deductive method and methods of description, comparison, analysis and synthesis are used alongside the filed research work.