Etički izazovi reproduktivne medicine i Zakona o medicinski pomognutoj oplodnji u kontekstu istospolnih zajednica

Mislav Kutleša - Pregledni rad
Mladen Škvorc

Ethical challenges in reproductive medicine and the Law of medically assisted insemination in the context of same-sex unions

Sažetak
Čitavo 20. stoljeće označio je nagao i ubrzan razvoj znanosti, među kojima na poseban način izdvajamo medicinu, biomedicinu i biotehniku, koje nikoga nisu ostavile ravnodušnim, što je vidljivo u raspravama o odnosu znanosti i etike. Iako su se navedene znanosti brzo razvijale, ostvarujući zadivljujuće uspjehe na području ljudskog zdravlja i života, sve se više razvijala svijest o potrebi poštivanja etičkih principa. Pri tomu su se etički principi prvenstveno odnosili na položaj, vrijednost i dostojanstvo čovjeka u horizontima znanstvenoga dosega i istraživanja. Suvremeni prijepor je stvorila reproduktivna medicina, odnosno medicinski pomognuta oplodnja. Iako je u početku umjetna oplodnja bila provođena unutar bračnih i izvanbračnih neplodnih parova, u novije se doba posebna etička poteškoća pojavila u kontekstu istospolnih zajednica koje de facto imaju jednaka prava kao i (izvan)bračne zajednice muškarca i žene. Pri čemu na poseban način izdvajamo pravo na potomstvo ostvarivo medicinski pomognutom oplodnjom.

Abstract
Whole 20th century was designated by sudden and rapid development of science, trough whom we especially mark medicine, biomedicine and bioengineering, which left nobody indifferent, as we can see in challenges and debates created by relationship between science and ethics. Although named sciences were rapidly evolved achieving amazing success in the field of human health and life, simultaneously with them was developed awareness of the need to respect ethical principles. Ethical principles were primarily related to the position, value and dignity of human in the horizons of scientific research and reach. In modern age, it refers to the relationship that is created by reproductive medicine, respectively medically assisted conception, against infertility and position of the child. Although, conditionally saying, initially artificial insemination had sense within the marriage and cohabitated infertile couples, recently appeared special ethical issues in the context of same-sex unions that de facto have equal rights same as cohabitation between a man and a woman. At this point, we especially extricate the right to offspring achievable by medically assisted insemination.