Religiozno iskustvo s motrišta transcendentalne refleksije i njegova uloga spram kritika metafizike i dokaza za Božje postojanje

Anto Pavlović - Izvorni znanstveni članak
Stjepan Štivić

Religious experience from the perspective of transcendental reflexion and its role towards the criticism of metaphysics and the arguments for the existence of God

Sažetak
Može li se tradicionalnim dokazima za Božje postojanje još uvijek pristupati tako da se značajnije ne uzimaju u obzir niti one kritike koje ozbiljno dovode u pitanje metafiziku, a time i dokaze, kao ni moguća uloga nekog oblika religioznog iskustva spram tih kritika? U članku problematiziramo to pitanje, donoseći i analizirajući nekoliko uvida za koje držimo da mogu pridonijeti ispravljanju manjkavosti takvog pristupa. To činimo iz jedne specifične perspektive koju, prema njezinoj filozofskoj podlozi, nazivamo transcendentalno-refleksivna. Nastojimo pokazati da ta perspektiva: a) daje drukčiji pogled na klasičnu metafiziku, a time i na dokaze; b) očituje da je u same temelje spontanog ljudskog životnog iskustva, kroz su-iskustvo Punine Bitka-Temelja-Sveobuhvatnog Smisla, iskonski i intimno utkana jedna religiozna crta, što metafizici, a onda i tradicionalnim dokazima utemeljenim na njezinim kategorijama, daje zbiljski sadržaj, a time i stvarnu snagu spram kritika. Analize također iznose na vidjelo specifičnost religioznog iskustva na koje upućuje transcendentalna refleksija; ono nije samo privilegij ljudi koji pripadaju nekoj religiji ili slijede neko posebno vjerovanje, nego pripada čovjeku kao čovjeku, vezano je dakle, kao i dokazi, uz njegovu duhovnu, tj. racionalnu strukturu.

Abstract
Is it still philosophically sustainable to approach the traditional arguments for the existence of God in such a way that even the criticism questioning the metaphysics, and with that the very arguments, is not taken into account, as well as some form of religious experience opposing the criticism? This article discusses these questions, bringing and analyzing some insights that we believe can contribute to the shortcomings of such approach. We try to give our specific perspective, which we call transcendental-reflexive according to its philosophical foundation. We try to present how such perspective can give a different view on classical metaphysics and therefore on arguments for the existence of God. And also show that religious trait is essentially and intimately interwoven in the very grounds of spontaneous human life experience through co-experience of the Totality-the Foundation and of the All Meaning – which gives metaphysics as well as the traditional arguments, based on its categories a true content and strength towards criticism. Our analyses present also the specific nature of religious experience shown by the transcendental reflexion. It is not exclusively a privilege of people, who are religious, or who belong to areligious believe or group, it is a trait of people as human beings, related to their spiritual (rational) ontological structure.