Štovanje sv. Josipa u hrvatskoj crkveno-pučkoj baštini

Marko Dragić - Pregledni rad

The Veneration of Saint Joseph in Croatian Ecclesial-folk Heritage

Sažetak
U radu se govori o životu sv. Josipa Nazarećanina, muža Djevice Marije i nenaravnoga oca Isusa Krista. Evanđelja ne navode nijednu njegovu riječ, a ono što znamo o njemu sadržano je uglavnom u prva dva poglavlja Matejeva i Lukina evanđelja. Hrvatski sabor je 1687. godine proglasio sv. Josipa zaštitnikom Hrvatskog kraljevstva, a time i cijelog hrvatskog naroda. Zaštitnik je mnogih država, gradova, sveučilišta, bolnica, škola, crkava i drugih institucija. Također je zaštitnik je obitelji, očeva, djece, mladeži, siročadi, djevičanstva i čistoće, zaštitnik dobre smrti, konačišta i onih koji ih traže, putnika i prognanika, drvosječa, kolara, tesara, stolara, radnika i obrtnika, inženjera, doseljenika, umirućih i grobara. Svetkovina Sv. Josipa u hrvatskoj crkveno-pučkoj baštini slavi se pobožnostima, zavjetima, devetnicama, trodnevnicama, procesijama, svetim misama, pučkim slavljima. Za vrijeme turske okupacije hrvatske katoličke djevojke u dobi od 13 do 16 godina vršile su obred križićanja (tetoviranja križeva na rukama i/ili čelu i/ili prsima). Hrvatski katolički mladići križeve su tetovirali na ramenima da bi ih trajno podsjećali na njihovo podrijetlo i vjeru u slučaju da ih Turci odvedu u janjičare. Hrvatski katolički puk i sada od svojih predaka pamti i kazuje usmene lirske pjesme o sv. Josipu. Kao višestrukom zaštitniku narod mu upućuje starinske molitve koje su molile naše davno upokojene pramajke i naši praočevi. Sv. Josipu se vjernici preporučuju u zajedničkim obiteljskim molitvama te u raznim prigodama.

Abstract
Paper discusses the life of Saint Joseph of Nazareth, Virgin Mary’s husband and Jesus Christ’s non-biological father. Gospels do not cite a single word by him, and what we know about him is mostly contained in the first two chapters of the Gospels by Matthew and Luke. In 1687 Croatian Parliament named St. Joseph the patron of the Kingdom of Croatia, and thus the whole Croatian nation. He is the patron of many countries, towns, universities, hospitals, schools, churches and other institutions. He is also the patron of families, fathers, children, youth, orphans, virginity and purity, patron of good death, shelters and those who are looking for them, travellers and refugees, lumberjacks, wheelmakers, carpenters, woodworkers, workers and artisans, engineers, immigrants, dying people and gravediggers. The feast day of St. Joseph in the Croatian ecclesialfolk heritage is celebrated with devotions, vows, novenas and tridua, processions, holy masses, folk festivities. During the Turkish occupation Croatian Catholic girls aged from 13 to 16 years performed the ritual of križićanje (the tattooing of crosses on hands and/or forehead and/or chest). Croatian Catholic boys tattooed crosses on their shoulders to have a permanent reminder of their heritage and faith when the Turks take them to become janissaries. Croatian Catholic people even nowadays remember and tell oral lyrical poems heard from their ancestors. People make ancient prayers to St. Joseph, the multiple protector, which were prayed by our foremothers and forefathers that passed away long time ago. The believers recommend themselves to St. Joseph in joint family prayers and in different other occasions.