Osobine ličnosti i suočavanje sa stresom kao prediktori psihosomatskih simptoma u studenata

Tamara Bešenić - Izvorni znanstveni članak
Ljiljana Pačić-Turk
Anamarija Bogović Dijaković

Personality Traits and Coping with Stress as Predictors of Psychosomatic Symptoms in Students

Sažetak
Cilj rada bio je ispitati mogućnost predikcije učestalosti psihosomatskih simptoma putem doprinosa dimenzija velepetorog modela ličnosti (engl. Big-Five model) i stilova suočavanja sa stresom uz kontrolu doprinosa varijabli spola i dobi. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 356 studenata različitih studija Hrvatskog katoličkog sveučilišta. Korištena je skala Upitnika psihosomatskih simptoma za djecu i adolescente (PSS), Upitnik suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama Endlera i Parkera te hrvatska verzija International Personality Item Pool (IPIP 50). Analiza učestalosti psihosomatskih simptoma pokazala je najčešću pojavnost manjka energije, glavobolje i boli u leđima. Najčešći u različitim skupinama simptoma bili su: »knedla« u grlu, doživljaj ubrzanog lupanja srca, prehlada, mišićna napetost, nadutost, akne ili bubuljice te manjak energije ili umor. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresijske analize pokazali su da niža razina emocionalne stabilnosti, viša razina intelekta i viša razina suočavanja usmjerenog na emocije predviđaju veću učestalost psihosomatskih simptoma. Također, dobiven je značajan prediktivni doprinos kontrolirane varijable spola, pri čemu ženski spol predviđa veću učestalost psihosomatskih simptoma. Dobiveni rezultati mogu pomoći u izradi edukativnih programa o suodnosu tjelesnog i mentalnog zdravlja te u savjetodavnom radu s osobama s izraženim psihosomatskim simptomima.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of predicting the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms through the contribution of personality dimensions of the Big-Five factor structure and coping with stress, with gender and age as controlled variables. The research included 356 students from various studies at the Croatian Catholic University. The scale of the Psychosomatic Symptoms Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents – PSS, the Endler and Parker Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and the Croatian version of the International Personality Item Pool - IPIP 50 were used. The frequency of psychosomatic symptoms showed the most common occurrence of lack of energy, headaches and back pain. The most common symptoms in different groups of symptoms were »lumps« in the throat, the experience of rapid heartbeat, colds, muscle tension, bloated stomach, acne or pimples, and lack of energy or fatigue. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that lower level of Emotional Stability, higher level of Intellect and higher level of Emotional-oriented coping were significant predictors for the higher incidence of psychosomatic symptoms, as well as a significant predictive contribution of controlled gender variable. The obtained results can be helpful in the development of educational programs on the relationship between physical and mental health and in counselling work with people with express psychosomatic symptoms.