Apostoli sv. Filip i Jakov Alfejev u hagiografiji i poeziji Marka Marulića

Helena Dragić - Pregledni rad

Apostles St. Philip and James, Son of Alphaeus, in Hagiography and Marko Marulić’s Poetry

Sažetak
Na temelju Matejeva, Markova, Lukina i Ivanova evanđelja, Djela apostolskih te hagiografske zbirke Legenda aurea aut vitae sanctorum Jakoba de Voragine, ali i druge relevantne literature u radu se govori o dvanaestorici Isusovih učenika i apostola. Posebna pozornost posvećuje se (re)konstrukciji života apostola sv. Filipa i sv. Jakova. Juraj Šižgorić i Marko Marulić u svojim pjesmama opjevali su apostole među koje su uvrstili i sv. Pavla koji je sam sebe nazivao apostolom. Sv. Filip propovijedao je među Skitima. Razapet je i dotučen kamenjem u Hijerapolu. Dvije njegove kćeri mučeničkom smrću posvjedočile su vjeru u Isusa Krista. Sv. Jakov Alfejev nazivan je i Jakov Mlađi, Jakov Pravedni te brat Gospodinov jer je iznimno sličio Isusu pa su ih zamjenjivali. Bio je prvi biskup u Jeruzalemu, gdje je mučen i umoren. Relikvije apostola sv. Jakova Alfejeva nalaze se u rimskoj crkvi Dodici apostoli uz apostola Filipa. Stoga ih Katolička crkva slavi istoga dana. Spomendan sv. Filipa i sv. Jakova Alfejeva do 1955. godine slavio se 1. svibnja. Papa Pio XII. te godine odredio je taj dan kao spomendan sv. Josipa radnika, a svetkovina sv. Filipa i Jakova premještena je na 3. svibnja.

Abstract
Paper discusses the twelve disciples and apostles of Jesus based on the Gospels of St. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, Acts of the Apostles and Jacobus de Varagine’s work Aurea legenda aut vitae sanctorum, as well as other relevant literature. Special attention is paid to the (re)construction of the life of the apostles St. Philip and St. James. Juraj Šižgorić and Marko Marulić wrote about the apostles in their poems, among whom they included St. Paul. St. Philip preached among the Scythians. He was crucified and stoned to death in Hierapolis. His two daughters testified to their faith in Jesus Christ by suffering a martyr’s death. St. James, son of Alphaeus, was also known as James the Less, James the Just, and the Brother of the Lord because he was remarkably similar to Jesus, so they were misrecognized. He was the first bishop of Jerusalem where he was tortured and murdered. Relics of the apostle St. James, son of Alphaeus, are in the Roman church of Dodici apostoli next to the apostle St. Philip. Therefore, Catholic Church celebrates them on the same day. The memorial of St. Philip and St. James, son of Alphaeus, was celebrated on May 1st up to 1955. That year pope Pius XII designated May 1st as a memorial of St. Joseph the Worker and the memorial of St. Philip and James was moved to May 3rd.