Obiteljski odgoj promatran u »Bosiljku«, »Smilju« i »Bršljanu« – časopisima za djecu i mlade druge polovice 19. stoljeća u Hrvatskoj

Ivan Lenard - Izvorni znanstveni članak
Mirko Lukaš

Family Education in »Bosiljak«, »Smilje« and »Bršljan« – Children’s and Youth Magazines in the Second Half of the 19th Century in Croatia

Sažetak
Obitelj zauzima važno odgojno i socijalizacijsko uporište za održanje društvene zajednice, a njezin povijesni diskurs nam omogućuje bolje razumijevanje suvremene problematike ovog fenomena. Analiza sadržaja u odabranim časopisima za djecu i mlade tijekom druge polovice 19. stoljeća u Hrvatskoj ilustrira praksu obiteljskog odgoja i tadašnje proklamirane obiteljske vrijednosti. U ovom su radu analizirani odabrani tekstovi časopisa »Bosiljak«, »Smilje« i »Bršljan« unutar 177 brojeva i otisnutih na 3.685 stranica. Hermeneutički pristup nam omogućuje zaključak da se u hrvatskoj pedagoškoj literaturi promatranog razdoblja obitelji prilazi kao primarnoj odgojnoj zajednici u kojoj je majka okosnica obiteljskog odgoja. Analiziranim sadržajima interpretiraju se obiteljske vrijednosti koje je moguće kategorizirati kao: ljubav prema majci, majčinska ljubav, ljubav prema sestri, ljubav prema roditeljima, ljubav prema djetetu, ljubav prema bratu i ljubav prema ocu. Provedeno istraživanje potvrđuje postojanje odgojnih vrijednosti u sadržajima časopisa za djecu i mlade u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća i interes za podizanje pedagoške kulture roditelja u obiteljskom odgoju na promatranom hrvatskom prostoru.

Abstract
The family represents an important educational and socialization base for the maintenance of the community, and its historical discourse allows us to better understand the contemporary problem of this phenomenon. The content analysis of the selected children’s and youth magazines from the second half of the 19th century in Croatia illustrates the practice of family education and proclaimed family values at that time. The selected texts from the magazines »Bosiljak«, »Smilje« and »Bršljan« [»Basil«, »Immortelle« and »Ivy«] are analyzed in 177 volumes on 3685 pages. The hermeneutic approach allows us to conclude that in the Croatian pedagogical literature of the observed period, a family is considered the primary educational community where a mother is the backbone of family education. The pedagogical culture of parents is predominantly in the fields of physical, moral, intellectual and religious education. The analyzed journals’ content contains and interprets family values, which can be categorized in love for a mother, love for a sister, love for parents, love for a child, love for a brother and love for a father. The educational values are exemplified through habits and fairness as educational means of family members. Their educational activities are unimaginable without the participation of mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters as factors of family life. Therefore, the conducted research confirms the existence of educational values in children’s and youth magazines in the second half of the 19th century and the proclaimed interest in increasing the pedagogical culture of parents in family education in the observed Croatian historical area.