Grijeh i kazna: književna analiza božanske kazne i odgojnih neuspjeha u Abšalomovoj trilogiji (2 Sam 13–15)

Kotel Dadon - Izvorni znanstveni članak

Sin and Punishment: A Literary Analysis of Divine Punishment and Educational Failures in Absalom's Trilogy (2 Sam 13–15)

Sažetak
Članak donosi književnu analizu obiteljskoga života kralja Davida, s posebnim naglaskom na posljedice njegova grijeha s Bat-Šebom, silovanje Tamare, ubojstvo Amnona i pobunu Abšaloma. Okrutno i nasilničko ponašanje Davidove djece događa se unatoč – ili možda upravo zbog – beskrajne ljubavi koju im on pruža. Teološki gledano, ti događaji promatraju se kao ispunjenje božanske kazne nad Davidom zbog njegova grijeha s Bat-Šebom, u skladu s biblijskim načelom »ius talionis«. Međutim, u radu se tvrdi da su tragedije i dugotrajna okrutna borba za nasljedstvo Davidova prijestolja uvelike posljedica njegova neuspješnog odgoja djece. Prvi dio članka donosi književnu analizu ključnih događaja u »Abšalomovoj trilogiji«, uključujući početnu šutnju Davida i Abšaloma nakon silovanja Tamare, Abšalomovu osvetu, Davidovu reakciju na Amnonovo ubojstvo, Abšalomov bijeg i povratak iz progonstva te njegovu konačnu pobunu. Drugi dio članka ispituje uspjeh kralja Davida kao oca i odgajatelja, pružajući opći pregled njegove djece te analizirajući njegov pristup njihovu odgoju. Rad se intenzivno oslanja na rabinsku literaturu, od talmudskih vremena preko srednjega vijeka do suvremenih interpretacija. Velik dio te literature autor je po prvi put preveo na hrvatski jezik s hebrejskog i aramejskog.

Abstract
The article offers a literary analysis of the family life of King David, focusing on the consequences of his sin with Bathsheba, the rape of Tamar, the murder of Amnon, and Absalom's rebellion. The cruel and vicious behaviour of David's children unfolds despite—or perhaps because of—the boundless love he lavishes upon them. Theologically, these events are seen as the fulfilment of divine punishment on David for his sin with Bathsheba, following the biblical principle of ius talionis. However, the author argues that the tragedies and the prolonged, cruel struggle for the succession to David's throne are largely attributable to his failure in raising his children properly.
The article is divided into two main sections. The first section provides a literary analysis of the central events in the Absalom Trilogy, covering David's and Absalom's initial silence following Tamar's rape, Absalom's revenge, David's reaction to Amnon's murder, Absalom's flight and return from exile, and his eventual rebellion. The second section examines King David's success as a father and educator, offering a general overview of his children and analyzing his approach to child-rearing. The author draws extensively from rabbinic literature, ranging from Talmudic times through the Middle Ages to modern interpretations. Much of this literature has been translated into Croatian from Hebrew and Aramaic for the first time by the author.