Anthropological model according to Fyodor Dostoevsky: from »Man-beast« to »Divinely inspired theurgist«

Svetlana A. Bezklubaya - Pregledni rad

Antropološki model prema Fjodoru Dostojevskom: od »čovjeka-zvijeri« do »božanski nadahnutog teurga«

Abstract
Modern society, seeing the essence of man only in utilitarian resourcefulness, experiences an anthropological crisis. The work of Fyodor Dostoevsky allows us to consider the coexistence of the existential and the human at the level of meta-anthropological and meta-historical horizons of socio-cultural practice. Dostoevsky created a universal anthropological model based on the conceptual metaphors of »human-beast« and »human-theurgist«. In Dostoevsky's work, the metaphorical concepts of »human-beast« and »human-theurgist« appear as a single socio-cultural phenomenon reflecting man's never-ending endeavour to be human. Dostoevsky provides a religious (Orthodox-Christian) ideal of human personality, theurgic perfection achieved in the process of asceticism. The spirit and beauty of Dostoevsky's theurgic characters are born in the process of dialogue and co-creation between God and man. The transition from the bestial to the human according to Dostoevsky is a creative ascent of man with the support of God to absolute spiritual perfection. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary approach (linguistics, literary studies, psychology, philosophy, and cultural studies) to expand the understanding of anthropological modeling. The main provisions and conclusions of the study can be used in practice to adjust already known and create new principles of anthropological interpretation of literary and artistic texts and to build anthropological models.

Sažetak
Suvremeno društvo, videći bit čovjeka samo u utilitarnoj snalažljivosti, doživljava antropološku krizu. Djelo Fjodora Dostojevskog omogućuje nam da razmotrimo supostojanje egzistencijalnog i ljudskog na razini metaantropoloških i metapovijesnih horizonata sociokulturne prakse, u kojima se metaforički koncepti »čovjeka-zvijeri« i »čovjeka-teurgista« pojavljuju kao jedinstven sociokulturni fenomen koji odražava čovjekov stalan napor da bude čovjek. Duh i ljepota teurgijskih junaka Dostojevskoga rađaju se u procesu dijaloga i sustvaranja Boga i čovjeka, a razvoj od zvjerskog prema ljudskom jest kreativni uspon čovjeka uz podršku Boga do apsolutnog duhovnog savršenstva. Metodološka osnova istraživanja je interdisciplinarni pristup proširenju razumijevanja antropološkog modeliranja, ispravljanju već poznatih i stvaranju novih principa antropološke interpretacije književnih i umjetničkih tekstova.